This area covers hormonal aspects of reproduction in both genders, including conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), infertility, menstrual disorders, erectile dysfunction, and hypogonadism. It encompasses the regulation of gonadotropins, sex steroids, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Diagnostic tools include hormonal profiles, imaging, and semen analysis. Treatment varies from hormonal therapy to assisted reproductive technologies.