This field focuses on tumors of endocrine glands, both benign and malignant, such as thyroid carcinoma, adrenal tumors, pituitary adenomas, and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). These tumors may secrete excess hormones, causing clinical syndromes, or may be non-functional. Diagnosis requires hormone assays, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies based on tumor type and behavior.