Parathyroid disorders often manifest as abnormal calcium metabolism, including hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism. The parathyroid glands maintain calcium and phosphate balance by secreting PTH. Imbalances can lead to bone demineralization, kidney stones, neuromuscular symptoms, or cardiac issues. Diagnosis relies on serum calcium levels, PTH measurements, and imaging studies. Treatment may involve surgery, vitamin D analogs, or calcium supplementation.