Obesity and metabolic syndrome are interlinked conditions marked by excess body fat, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Endocrinological factors include leptin resistance, hormonal imbalances, and impaired energy homeostasis. Management involves diet, exercise, pharmacotherapy, and in some cases, bariatric surgery. Prevention is key in reducing long-term health complications.