Endocrine Tumor Biology focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development, progression, and behavior of tumors arising from endocrine glands. Research in this area investigates genetic mutations, hormonal regulation, receptor signaling, tumor microenvironment, and pathways like PI3K/AKT and MAPK that drive endocrine neoplasia. Understanding endocrine tumor biology is crucial for improving diagnostic markers, targeted therapies, and personalized medicine strategies for both benign and malignant endocrine tumors.