Journal of Endocrinology

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Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases

Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and structural deterioration, leading to increased fracture risk. Other bone diseases include Paget's disease, osteomalacia, and genetic disorders like osteogenesis imperfecta. These are often linked to hormonal imbalances involving PTH, vitamin D, estrogen, and calcitonin. Management includes calcium/vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonates, and anabolic agents.