Radiopharmaceutical chemistry focuses on the design, synthesis, and application of radioactive compounds for diagnosis and therapy. These agents combine a biologically active molecule with a radionuclide, enabling targeted imaging or treatment. Commonly used radionuclides include technetium-99m for SPECT and fluorine-18 for PET imaging. Radiopharmaceuticals play a vital role in oncology, cardiology, and neurology by enabling early disease detection and personalized treatment. Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, like those using lutetium-177 or iodine-131, deliver localized radiation to diseased tissues. The field requires expertise in radiochemistry, coordination chemistry, and pharmacokinetics. Strict regulatory and safety protocols are followed due to radioactive handling. Radiopharmaceutical chemistry bridges diagnostics and therapeutics, advancing precision medicine.