The Earth and Geological Sciences section explores the structure, composition, and dynamic processes of the Earth. It includes research in geology, geophysics, climatology, hydrology, oceanography, and environmental geology. This section focuses on natural resource management, mineral exploration, and energy resources. It also addresses natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and landslides, contributing to disaster risk reduction. Climate change, environmental degradation, and sustainability are key research areas. The section highlights the use of geospatial technologies, remote sensing, and modeling techniques for Earth system analysis. Interdisciplinary collaboration with environmental science and engineering is encouraged. By enhancing understanding of Earth processes and environmental challenges, this section aims to support sustainable development and effective resource management.