Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have the ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. Reprogramming adult cells into iPSCs involves introducing specific genes that reset the cell to an embryonic-like state. This breakthrough has revolutionized regenerative medicine by enabling patient-specific therapies and disease modeling without ethical concerns tied to embryonic sources. Advances in reprogramming techniques continue to enhance efficiency, safety, and clinical applicability.