Microbial biocatalysts are microorganisms or their enzymes used to accelerate chemical reactions in industrial and biotechnological processes. These biocatalysts offer high specificity, efficiency, and eco-friendliness compared to traditional chemical catalysts. They are widely employed in the production of pharmaceuticals, biofuels, food ingredients, and fine chemicals. Microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and yeasts are engineered or selected for their ability to carry out specific transformations. Enzymes such as lipases, proteases, and oxidoreductases are commonly derived from these microbes. Microbial biocatalysts work under mild conditions, reducing energy consumption and waste. Their use supports sustainable and green chemistry practices.