Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—and can spread directly or indirectly from one individual to another. They pose a significant global health challenge, especially in the context of emerging pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and the interconnectedness of modern society.
Research in infectious diseases encompasses a broad spectrum of topics, including pathogen biology, host-pathogen interactions, immune responses, epidemiology, diagnostics, and vaccine development. Understanding these dynamics is critical for early detection, effective treatment, and prevention of outbreaks.