Immunology is the branch of biomedical science that explores the immune system the body’s defense mechanism against infections, diseases, and foreign substances. It examines the roles of immune cells, antibodies, cytokines, and signaling pathways in recognizing and neutralizing pathogens, as well as maintaining immune homeostasis.
Understanding immune responses is essential not only for combating infectious diseases but also for addressing autoimmune conditions, allergies, cancer, and transplant rejection. Advances in immunology have paved the way for targeted immunotherapies and immune-modulating treatments that are transforming modern medicine.