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Journal of Plant Pathology

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Plant Defense Mechanisms: An Integrated Overview of Structural, Biochemical, and Molecular Strategies
Mini Review - Volume: 1, Issue: 1, 2025 (August)
Plant Defense Mechanisms: An Integrated Overview of Structural, Biochemical, and Molecular Strategies Download PDF

Jemal Azmeraw1*, Atnafu Reie2
1Department of Crop Sciences, Agriculture Research Sta1tion, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources, P.O Box 204, Suhar, 311, Oman;
2Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khoud

*Correspondence to: Jemal Azmeraw, Department of Crop Sciences, Agriculture Research Sta1tion, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources, P.O Box 204, Suhar, 311, Oman. E-Mail: 
Received: July 23, 2025; Manuscript No: JPPG-25-6961; Editor Assigned: July 25, 2025; PreQc No: JPPG-25-6961(PQ); Reviewed: August 11, 2025; Revised: August 18, 2025; Manuscript No: JPPG-25-6961(R); Published: August 25, 2025

ABSTRACT

Plants are constantly exposed to a myriad of pathogenic organisms, yet they have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms to survive in a pathogen-rich environment. This review synthesizes current understanding of plant defense strategies, highlighting the interplay between structural barriers, biochemical compounds, and molecular signaling networks. The discussion includes classical defense responses such as lignification and phytoalexin production, as well as modern insights into PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The review further explores how hormonal pathways and epigenetic regulation contribute to plant resilience, with implications for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Plant immunity; PAMP-triggered immunity; Effector-triggered immunity; Phytoalexins; PR proteins; Systemic acquired resistance; Epigenetics; CRISPR; Plant-pathogen interaction; Hormonal crosstalk.

Citation: Azmeraw J (2025). Plant Defense Mechanisms: An Integrated Overview of Structural, Biochemical, and Molecular Strategies. J Plant Pathol. Vol.1 Iss.1, August (2025), pp:13-15.
Copyright: © 2025 Azmeraw J. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.